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Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with adverse renal effects caused by the reduction in synthesis of renal prostaglandins in sensitive persons or animal species, and potentially during long-term use in non-sensitive persons if resistance to side effects decreases with age. The effects of diclofenac sodium on the kidneys were studied during 4 1/2 hours in eight patients with normal renal function. Urinary output decreased within 10 min after the injection, and maximally by 80%. The renal plasma flow and the glomerular filtration rate initially diminished significantly, by 35%, but began to increase after only 2 hours. The dominant and persistent effect was a reduction of free water clearance, with maximum fall from 5.9 to 0.08ml/min after 2 1/2 hours. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity using biochemical parameters in rats.Methods: 12 male Wistar rats allotted in 4 equal groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg diclofenac, respectively and 12 hours after injection, blood serum samples were collected for assessment of basic renal function test parameters such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, sodium, Potassium.Results: Rats treated up to 50mg/kg diclofenac were considered to be within normal range in rats. By increase in dose more than 50mg/kg showed significant increases in uremia were evidenced in intoxicated animals. Observed specifically in group IV Rats.Conclusions: In this study, uremia, as an indicator of kidney damage, was significantly increased depending on dose. Diclofenac may cause kidney damage depending on dose and this effect may also be observed. NSAIDs-induced nephrotoxicity may be due to the inhibitory effect of these drugs on prostaglandin synthesis, thus causing kidney ischemia.
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Background: Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease stage in which at least two or three of the epicardial coronary arteries is involved with atherosclerosis of significant severity. The multi-vessel disease is often associated with a higher burden of comorbidities, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia is the commonest cause of the blood vessel diseases and their incidence has been rising all over the world thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidaemia is also one of the component of metabolic syndrome along with another group of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (BP), abdominal obesity, and insulin intolerance, whose concurrent appearance increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidaemia. To compare the dose-related efficacy of statins on lipid goal achievement in patients with hyperlipidaemia.Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional study was conducted for a period of 1 year [2014-1015] in medicine OPD in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total number of 100 patients with diagnosed multiple vessel blocks were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were randomized to group A. 50 patients were selected to group B. 50 patients of the group A are treated with Atorvastatin up 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 50 patients of group B were treated with Rosuvastatin up to 10mg/day. For 8 weeks the results were analysed accordingly.Results: Even though both rosuvastatin 10mg/day and atorvastatin 10mg/day produced a reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) significantly, rosuvastatin produced a reduction in LDL levels (p<0.001) more significantly than atorvastatin 10mg/day.Conclusions: Rosuvastatin produces a greater reduction in serum LDL-C levels and should, therefore, be preferred over atorvastatin. Both the treatment regimens significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL C, VLDL C, but the reduction was more and statistically significant in Rosuvastatin when compared with atorvastatin-treated group at the end of 8 weeks.
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Background and aim: Spleen, a secondary lymphoid organ presents with wide variations in morphology. Size andweight of the spleen varies at different ages and different individuals and in the same individuals under differentconditions. Further, a good knowledge about the morphological variations is very important to the physiciansand surgeons for any pathological conditions of spleen. The aim of the present study was to find out themorphological variations of spleens particularly in the South Indian Population.Materials and methods: A properly embalmed 40 cadaveric spleens were selected for the present study. The studywas carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Rajah Muthiah Medical College,Annamalai University,AnnamalaiNagar, Chidambaram, Cuddalore district, TamilNadu. The data were collected and statistical analysis was done.Results: The present study observed many variations in shapes and sizes of the spleen.Conclusions: In healthy states the spleen is not palpable. However, enlargement of spleen (splenomegaly) thatoccurs in malaria, kalaazar, sarcoidosis and leukaemia it becomes palpable. The morphological variations ofspleen in the present study will be useful to the physicians and surgeons in the diagnosis and treatment ofvarious disorders of spleen.